In the Northern part of Argentina they hold the Carnival. Preparations for the Carnival begin when the algarroba beans
are ripe. There are the sounds of singing and jangling of the charango which is a type of ukelele, two drinks called aloja
and chicha are prepared in large amounts, the houses are whitewashed and cleaned. They gather the herb basil and they wear
hats and ponchos. This is done to ward of the evil spirits so it is said.
On the Thursday before Ash Wednesday the tincunaco ceremony is celebrated. Mothers and grandmothers are gathered in two
lines one line with mothers and the other one the grandmothers around an arch made of willow branches. The arch is decorated
with fruit, flowers, cheese, sweets and tiny lanterns. The two groups meet under the arch and exchange a doll which is touched
on each other's forehead. This is seen as a sacred ceremony and is said to unite the women with a bond only death can break.
On Sunday the Carnival reaches its climax. Women in their traditional attire of wide ruffled skirts, colorful ponchos,
and white hats mask their faces with starch and water. They sing folksongs and ride on horseback to where the dance is being
held in honor of Pukllay which is the Spirit of Carnival. Once the celebrations have come to an end, a rag doll representing
Pukllay is buried as a symbol that it is the end of Carnival.

In Germany Easter is started by covering the cross on Good Friday. On this day they eat dishes which have fish in
them. Easter starts with mass, which is started on Saturday evening and continues until Sunday morning. On Sunday it is Family
Day on this day they have a special Easter lunch and they have colored eggs and a cake which is shaped like a lamb. They
also eat other sweet foods such as cookies, cake and chocolate on this day and the best part of the day is the hiding of the
eggs and cookies in the garden. Another tradition is the Easter Fire which is where all the old Christmas trees are
gathered up and burnt in a special place, this is done so as to clean away the last signs of winter and moving onto spring.
In Germany green eggs are used on Maundy Thursday or Holy Thursday. A town in Germany called Oberammergau, performs a passion
play at Easter time. A passion play tells the story of the suffering, crucifixion and death of Jesus. 1200 villagers approximately
perform in this six-hour play. In Germany, just before the beginning of Lent, it is carnival time called Fasching.
In Fasching parades in the city of Cologne, people wear masks and giant-sized papier-mâché heads, sometimes twice the size
of their bodies. Germans cook a type of thick doughnut called a Cruller to use up fat before Lent. In some villages
people hold an Easter walk or ride in memory of the walk Jesus took to His death. On Easter Saturday night children light
huge bonfires. They have an egg tree. This is a small tree branch put in a vase about two weeks before Easter. Real eggs that
have been painted and decorated are hung from the branches. Other small, highly decorated eggs the family has collected are
also hung on the tree. Also in Germany, eggs used for cooking are not broken but are emptied by blowing the contents into
a bowl through pinholes at either end of the hen's egg. The hollow eggs are then died and hung from shrubs and trees during
Easter week.

In Italy, church bells ring joyfully during the year. But the bells stop ringing on the Thursday before Good Friday. They
are silent for a few days while people remember the death of Jesus. On Easter Sunday morning, the bells ring out, telling
people that Jesus is alive again. When people hear the bells, they kiss and hug one another. Many children wake up on Easter
Sunday and find eggs scattered about their rooms. They look in the nests they have placed in their yards or gardens and find
Easter eggs in them. The eggs are said to have been bought from Rome where the bell ringing had gone to see the Pope and when
the bells returned they bought with them the eggs. In Italy olive branches are used on Palm Sunday instead of palm branches.
Italians claim to have been said to have been the first to invent chocolate Easter eggs. In Italy pretzels were originally
an Easter food. The twisted shape is supposed to represent arms crossed in prayer. Lent is preceded by a carnival with colorful
pageants, masquerades, dancing, music and all kinds of merrymaking. The Carnviale begins in January and lasts until Ash Wednesday,
but the ceremonies of the last three days are the gayest, especially those of Martedi Grasso or Shrove Tuesday, when pancakes
are eaten. An important part of the carnival is the wearing of masks. People wear all types of masks such as small black masks,
which represent spirits and witches from the demon world. One of the most exciting features of the festival is the death of
the carnival. For example in Venice the straw body of "King Carnival" is filled with firecrackers and burned at midnight in
the Piazza San Marco. The carnival figure is usually represented as a fat man, this is a symbol of the eating and drinking
that takes place during this period. Quaresima or lent, on the other hand, is represented as a lean old woman. Children are
often been given the figure of an old woman with seven legs, representing the seven weeks of Lent, and at Mezza
Quaresima they cut the figure in two, throwing half away and keeping the other half until the end of Lent. During Lent, women
often used to grow wheat in a dark place, so that the lack of sunlight would make it a white color. This is then used to decorate
the altar of the local church during the days leading up to Easter. The white wheat represented Christ's tomb. Domenica delle
Palme or Palm Sunday, people take palm and olive branches to church to be blessed. When everyone is in the church, the doors
are closed to represent the gates of Jerusalem. The priests knock three times, and the gates are then flung open in welcome,
and they enter amid joyous music and the waving of palms, this is done to commemorate Christ's triumphant entry into Jerusalem.
The palms are often spread over fields for good luck or patching up quarrels as an expression of peace. Giovedi Santo or Holy
Friday, many churches re-enact the ceremony of the washing of the feet at the altar. They chose 12 poor men from the parish
representing the Twelve Disciples, and the priest, acting as Christ, bathes their feet. Easter or La Pasqua is a joyous day.
After morning mass people return home for the Easter dinner. The most important dish is agnellino, roasted baby lamb. The
table is decorated with colored eggs which have been blessed by the priest. In Italy lamb is eaten with a special salad made
with hard-boiled eggs.

In Wales Palm Sunday is called Flowering Sunday, and families traditionally visit the graves of their relatives to lay
flowers on the graves. On this day they also have famous Welsh singing contests which are known as Gymansa Ganu. Choirs from
various chapels in the area come together to take part in these festivals, and at these festivals special conductors are invited.
In Wales a feature of Easter used to be the preaching services held in the chapels. There would be another on the Saturday
night, and then three on Easter Sunday itself. The town of Ffestiniog used to hold another three services on Easter Monday
as well. People would flock to these services at which ministers from other towns and villages would be asked as guest preachers.
These preachers would take these events of the first Holy Week to use in sermons.
|